Loom



A. V. PULLINS LOOM Filed Dec.

30, 1937 5 Sheets-Sheet l XNVENTOR fl w d V Pad/ms. BY

A GRNEY y 1939; A. v. PULLINS 2,157,304

I LOOM Filed Dec. 30, 1957 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 A. V. PULLINS May 9, 1939.

LOOM

I 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Dec. 30, 1937 INVENTOR zifwoad I/ Pal/ms B T ORY 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 A. y. PULLINS LOOM Filed Dec. so, 1957 May 9, 1939.

INVENTQR flfwaod V Pu/l/hs A. V. PULLINS LOOM Filed Dec. 30, 1957 5Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR wd 1/ Pal/ms. a I

ATTORNEY Patented May 9, 1939 UNITED STATES LOOM Atwood V. Pullins,Kansas City, Mo., assignor of one-half to Charles Hipsh, Kansas City,Mo.

Application December 30, 1937, Serial No. 182,486

7 Claims.

This invention relates to looms, particularly to those of the handoperated type, and has for its principal object to provide a loom ofthis character capable of high speed and accurate opera tion foreconomically producing a high quality fabric of uniform Weave.

Other important objects of the invention are to provide the loom with apositive control for regulating movement of the beater whereby the weftthreads are all beat up to a positive forward point at the fell of thecloth with the same degree of spacing, effecting a definite number ofweft threads per inch; to provide means for maintaining uniform tensionon the warp; to provide a throwing mechanism for actuating the shuttlewhich is readily synchronized with movement of the beater and heddles topermit a substantially rythmic operation; and to provide the loom withan improved harness for suspendingly actuating the heddles.

In accomplishing these and other objects of the invention, ashereinafter pointed out, I have provided improved details of structure,the pre ferred form of which is illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings, wherein:

Fig. l is a longitudinal section through a loom embodying the featuresof the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a cross-section through the loom on the line 22 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a side elevational view of the end of the loom which supportsthe cloth beam roll and particularly illustrating the take-up mechanismtherefor, and its connection with the beater.

Fig. 4 is a detail plan view of the cloth beam roll driving mechanism.

Fig. 5 is a detail view of the ratchet, ratchet operating pawl, andclick for controlling take-up operation of the cloth beam roll insynchronism with the beater.

Fig. 6 is a detail perspective sectional view through the beam roll uponwhich the warp threads are wound, and. particularly illustrating I thebrake mechanism which cooperates with the cloth beam roll actuatingmechanism in maintaining uniform tension on the warp.

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary horizontal section through the loom on the line'l'I of Fig. 1.

Fig. 8 is a detail perspective view of one of the cross heads and itsguide for operably connecting the beater with the controlling mechanismfor maintaining a constant amplitude of movement for the beater.

Fig. 9 is a horizontal section through the control mechanism on the line99 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 10 is a detail perspective View of the stationary and movablemembers of one of the beater control mechanisms.

Fig. 11 is an enlarged perspective view of one of the rollers carried bythe movable member and ii engageable with the fixed member of thecontrol mechanism.

Fig. 12 is an enlarged detail perspective View of the shuttle box end ofthe shuttle track, particularly illustrating one of the pickers foreffecting 10 throw of the shuttle along the shuttle track.

Fig. 13 is a cross-section on the line I3-I3 of Fig. 12, particularlyillustrating mounting of the picker.

Fig. 14 is a fragmentary side elevation of one 15 of the picker guides,particularly illustrating the spring for forming a bumper to limitmovement of the picker and for effecting throw of the shuttle.

Fig. 15 is a detail perspective view of one of the 0 heddles.

Fig. 16 is a detail perspective view of the ratchet pawl, its operatinglever for actuating the cloth beam roll, and the pawl throw-out lever.

Fig. 17 is a detail section on the line I'I--II of 5 Fig. '7.

Referring more in detail to the drawings:

I designates a loom constructed in accordance with the present inventionand which includes a frame 2, having side members 3 and 4 each ineludinga horizontal beam 5 supported on legs 6 and I spaced from the endsthereof as best shown in Fig. 1. The side members 3 and 4 are connectedby a base frame 8 attached to the lower ends of the legs 6 and by crossbars 9 connecting the upper ends of the legs and the horizontal beams 5,as shown in Fig. 1. The rear ends of the horizontal beams are alsoconnected by a cross bar In over which the warp threads are drawn aslater described. Carried by the base frame 8 is a vertical post IIsupporting a weavers seat I2 at a point substantially midway between theside frames. Rotatably journaled in suitable brackets I3, carried by thelegs I, is a shaft I4 supporting a warp beam I5. The warp beam I5includes disks I6 fixed to the shaft I4 and carrying a circular seriesof bars N that are attached to the peripheries of the disks to form anopen cylinder or drum. The bars I! are provided along the length thereofwith spaced pins I8 to separate the warp threads I9 which may vary incolor depending upon the pattern being woven into the cloth.

At each end of the drum is provided a space v for brakes 2|], eachincluding a cable 2| extending around the periphery thereof and havingone end attached to an adjustable eye bolt 22 carried by a bracket 23projecting from the cross bar 9 and its opposite end connected with atensioning spring 24 that is anchored to a cross bar 25 adjustablysecured to the leg I by selectively attaching it to one of a series ofpins 26 projecting forwardly from the edges of the legs as shown in Fig.6. By adjusting the bar 25, on selected pairs of pins, tension of thespring 24 is varied to vary braking action of the cable on the roll.

The warp threads extend upwardly over the bar l0 and forwardly of themachine through heddles?! and 28, through a reed (later described), overa cloth beam roll 29, and over a padded roll 30. The roll 29 extendstransversely of the frame adjacent the front ends of the beam 5 and hasits shaft 31 journaled in ball bearings 32 carried by the side frames.The roll 30 is carried on arms 33 that are swingingly mounted on pivots34 at a point below the roll 29. The opposite ends of the arms areprovided with notched seats 35 to removably mount the ends of the shaft36 carrying the roll 30. The roll 30 is retained in yielding contactwith the roll 29 by coil springs 31 having one end attached to the beams5 and their opposite ends to the arms as best shown in Figs. 1 and 4.The roll 29 is preferably covered with a non-slip material, such assandpaper or the like 38, to prevent slippage of the woven cloth inholding tension on the woven cloth and warp threads. One end of theshaft 3| projects through the outer side of the adjacent beam 5 andcarries a gear 39 that meshes with an idle gear 40 that is rotatablymounted on a stub shaft 4| adjustably positioned in an arcuate slot 42of a supporting plate 43, the supporting plate being attached to theouter side of the frame and spaced therefrom as shown in Fig. 4. Fixedin driving relation with the gear 40 is a larger gear 44 that mesheswith a driving gear 45 on a ratchet gear shaft 46 rotatably mounted inthe plate 43. Also fixed on the shaft 46 on the side thereof adjacentthe beam 5 is a ratchet wheel 41 having teeth 48 adapted to be engagedby a pawl 49 and a click 50 to respectively effect advance rotation ofthe ratchet gear and prevent retracting rotation thereof under pull ofthe woven cloth and warp threads.

The pawl 49 has a hook-shaped upper end 5|, and has its lower end fixedto a block 52 pivotally mounted on an actuating lever 53. The lever 53is pivoted at one end, as at 54, on the beam 5 and has its opposite endextending rearwardly of the machine and is connected with the beater 55by link and arm connections 56 and 51. The pawl is retained in yieldingcontact with the teeth of the ratchet wheel by a spring 59, having oneend attached to a pin 59 depending from the pivoted end of the lever 53and its opposite end to a pin 60 depending from the block 52. The pawl49 may be selectively moved away from the ratchet wheel by means of alever 6| pivotally supported in a clamp block 62 attached to the underside of the beam 5, and which has an actuating arm 63 provided with alateral handle 64 projecting toward the Weaver's seat. The lever 6|carries a laterally extending finger 65 for engaging the side of thepawl opposite to the spring 58. It is thus apparent that when the lever63 is swung retractively, the finger 55 moves the pawl out of engagementwith the ratchet teeth to disconnect it from driving relation with theratchet wheel.

Extending upwardly from the beam 5, at a point about midway between thelegs 6 and I, are uprights 66, carrying a cross bar 61 at their oppositeends to suspend a heddle carrying frame 68. The frame 68 includes upperand lower bars 69 and 10 connected at the ends by vertical bars H and12. The frame 68 is adjustably suspended from the bars 61 on rods '13and 14 extending loosely through openings I5 in the cross bar andcarrying wing nuts 16 engaging the upper side of the bar. The dependingends of the rods extend through aligning openings '2'! in the bar 69 andcarry wing nuts 18 and I9 engaging the upper and lower sides of the bar69 to rigidly connect with the frame. Carried by the lower bar 10 of theframe, are spaced heddle frame supporting stops to support the heddlesin their lowermost positions.

The heddle frames 2! and 28 are of conventional construction and includerectangular frames 83 and 84 carrying the heddles 85 through which thewarp threads are passed as in conventional loom practice. The heddleframes are suspended from a horizontal shaft 86, having its endsjournalled in bearing blocks 8'! and 88 carried on the lower ends ofrods 89 and 90 having their upper ends extending through suitableopenings 9| in the bar 69 and through aligning openings 92 in the bar6'! to be connected therewith by wing nuts 93 and 94 engaging the upperand lower sides of the bar 57, as best shown in Fig. v2. The heddleframes are suspended from the shaft 86 at the respective ends of cables95 and 96 which extend through openings 9! and 98 in the shaft, the endsof each cable being connected with eyes 99 and I0!) on the heddleframes. The heddle frames are alternately raised and lowered by means oftreadles I8! and I02 that are pivoted, as at I03, to blocks I04 carriedby the base frame 8 at a point below the weavers seat l2. The treadlescarry pedal blocks I95 and H16 to be engaged by the weavers feet. Thefree ends of the treadles are pivotally connected with the respectiveheddle frames by rods fill and H18 extending through suitable openingsH19 in the lower cross bar of the frame 68.

The heddles in one frame are staggered relatively to the heddles in theother frame, and they are provided with eyes H0 to pass the warpthreads, alternate warp threads being engaged by the heddles in oneframe and extending between the heddles in the other frame so that theyare divided into two sets, one set being actuated by one treadle and theother set by the other treadle. Thus, when the weaver presses one of thetwo treadles, one of the heddle frames is raised and with it one set ofwarp threads to effect decussation or crossing of alternate warps toform a shed through which the shuttle is passed as later described.

The beater 55 includes a rectangular frame having a lower cross bar H Ithat is connected with the back of the base frame 8 by hinges I I2 asbest shown in Figs. 2 and 3. Fixed to the ends of the lower bar III areuprights or swords H3 which extend between the heddle supporting frameand the cloth beam roll, previously described, and their upper ends areconnected by means of a handle bar or hand rail H4 that is adapted to begrasped by the weaver to effect oscillation of the beater as laterdescribed.

Carried by the uprights H3, at a point below the hand rail, is a shuttletrack I I5 having its ends projecting through notches H6 and H1 cut inthe upper edges of the beams 5 to carry shuttle guides M8 and H9 bestillustrated in Fig. 12, the guides being formed by spaced flanges I20and I 2f projecting upwardy on opposite side edges of the shuttle trackand which are provided with slots I22 and I23 to accommodate guide rodsI24 and 525 having their ends supported at the ends of the slots.Slidably mounted on the guide rods are pickers I26 for one set ofguides, and a picker I21 for the other sets of guides. The pickers eachinclude a block I28 having ends freely movable in the slots of theguides and provided with openings I29 for passing the guide rods. Fixedon each of the blocks, intermediate the ends thereof, is a bumper padI30 for engaging the ends of the shuttle I3I, later described. Alsofixed to the center of each block, in aligning relation with the pads,are guards I32 having forwardly and upwardly curved ends I33 to catchthe shuttle when it is propelled from one end of the track to the other.

The pickers are operated by a shuttle throwing mechanism I34 includingcords I35 and I36 extending through openings I31 in the respective guideblocks and which are secured thereto by knotting the ends as indicatedat I38. The cord I35 is threaded through pulley blocks I39 and I40carried by the cross bar 61, with the pulley I49 located substantiallymidway of the loom. The cord I 36 is threaded over a pulley MI, locatedin substantially the same spaced relation from the side of the loom asthe spacing of the pulley its. The free ends of the cord depend from thepulleys I t!) and I 4| and are connected by a D- shaped handle I42adapted to be grasped by the hand of the operator and swung from side toside with a downward movement to effect alternate actuation of thepickers in synchronism with oscillation of the beater and movement ofthe heddles. The shuttle is of standard construction and contains a copon which the weft threads are wound, as in conventional practice. Inorder to absorb the shock of the pickers when they are drawn to theinner ends of the guides, the guide rods are provided with coil springsI 43 and M4 having one end engaging the ends of the slots and theiropposite ends engaging washers I45 on the rods to be engaged by therespective picker blocks. Carried upon the shuttle track, and projectingupwardly therefrom, is a reed I46 for engaging and beating home the weftas the weaving progresses. The hand rail II 4 has a groove I56 in itslower edge to cooperate with seating grooves I5I and I52 in the shuttlerace track and a clamping bar I53 to mount the reed.

As above pointed out, it is one of the important objects of the presentinvention to provide a better quality of cloth by compaction of the weftresponsive to controlling amplitude of movement of the beater. It is,therefore, necessary that all of the strokes of the beater be exactly ofthe same length and to effect this control, the heater is connected withcontrol mechanisms I56 and I51, each including disks I58 fixed to theends of a shaft I59 that extends transversely of the machine, back ofthe beater, and which is indirectly supported by brackets I60 and I6Ithat are attached to the cross bar 9, previously described. The disksare spaced from the brackets to accommodate fixed disks I62 that arerigidly attached to the brackets by fastening devices, such as capscrews I63. The disks I62 have laterally extending annular flanges I64encircling a central hub I65 to form inner and outer races I66 and I61engaged by inner and outer sets of rollers I68 and I69. The rollers IE8and I69 are carried on antifriction bearings I'Iil supported on stubshafts I1I having eccentrically positioned threaded shanks I12 extendingthrough openings I13 in the rotary disks as shown in Fig. 9. The ends ofthe stub shafts I1! form shoulders I14 for engaging the outer sides ofthe rotary disks, and which cooperate with nuts I15 that are threadedonto the shanks to rigidly retain the shafts in adjusted position on therotary disks to keep the rollers in rolling contact with the respectivetracks, and thereby eliminate play incidental to thrust of theconnecting pitmans. The hubs I65 are of sufficient inner diameter tofreely pass the shaft I59 so that the shaft and rotary disks aredirectly carried by the rollers in bearing contact with the tracks. Incase wear occurs be tween the rollers and their tracks, play is removedby adjusting the stub shafts relatively to their eccentric mounting.This is accomplished by loosening the nuts and turning the shafts bymeans of a suitable tool insertable in fixed openings I16 in the stubshafts so that they may be rotated to bring the rollers into snugengagement with the i tracks. After the adjustment, the nuts are againtightened to retain the shafts in adjusted position.

The rotary disks carry wrist pins I'II that mount antifriction bearingsI18 that are seated in 3 suitable openings I19 formed in the ends ofpitmans I89, having their opposite ends provided with similarantifriction bearings I8I that are mounted on pins I 32 projecting froma cross head block I83 having openings I84 for slidable mounting uponguide rods I85 and 186. The guide rods I85 and IE5 have their ends fixedwithin supporting blocks I81 and I623 attached to the inner faces of thebeam 5, as best shown in Fig. 7. Connected with the cross head blocksI83, by means of connecting bars I89 are similar cross head blocks Iflficarrying pins I9I having antifriction bearings I92 seated withinopenings in the ends of links E93. The opposite ends of the linksconnect by means of a similar antifriction bearing 49 3 with pins I95projecting laterally from the side members I I3 of the batten frame.

With the construction thus described, it is obvious that the rotarydisks are retained for rotation about a fixed axis and that due to therolling contact of the rollers in engaging relation with the inner andouter races of the fixed disks, there is very little friction and theyhave entirely free rotation to avoid dead center positions.

With the eccentric arrangement, the beater is caused to dwell for agreater length of time at the rear of its stroke than at the forward endof its stroke to give sufficient time for the operator to throw theshuttle through the shed that is formed in the decussation of the warpthreads. rotary disks are also constructed so that they are heavy enoughto act as fly wheels giving a smooth action to the movement of thebeater. In order to prevent longitudinal play of the shaft E59 it isprovided with spaced collars I96 and I81 engaging the respective sidesof an antifriction bearing 593 that is carried on a bracket I99 which isfixed to the cross member s.

In operating a loom constructed and assembled as described, and assumingthat the warp threads are threaded through the eyes of the heddles andthrough the dents of the reed to extend over the rolls 29 and 39, theWeaver positions herself on the seat I2 with the right and left feetrespectively engaging the pedal blocks of the treadles, the left Thehand grasping rail H4 and the right hand the handle N2 of the shuttlethrowing mechanism. With one .treadle depressed and the other in itsupper position, the alternate warp threads are spread apart to form theshed above the shuttle race, as shown in Fig. 1. Then, by giving thehandle a sharp jerk with a slight swinging motion in the direction thatthe shuttle is to be propelled, the shuttle is driven by the engagedpicker between decussated warp threads to the opposite end of theshuttle track where it is stopped by the picker. The beater is thenswung forward in the direction of the weaver to beat up the weft threadthat has been deposited by the shuttle in the shed formed by spreadingof the Warp threads. The treadles are then alternately operated toreverse spreading of the sets of warp threads, whereupon the shuttle isagain driven through the shed over the shuttle track to lay a weftthread in the shed of the warp. The beater is again drawn forward tobeat up the deposited weft. Since the beater can only be moved to afixed point relatively to the fell of the cloth, all of the weft threadsare drawn up to the same degree and have uniform spacing. Duringactuation of the beater, the roller 29 is operated to effect movement ofthe cloth. This is effected through the arm 51, link 56, pawl lever 53,and pawl 50 to move the ratchet wheel 41. Movement of the ratchet wheeloperates gears 45, 44, 39 and 38 to efiect corresponding movement of theroll 29. Feed of the cloth may be adjusted by applying gears 45 ofdifferent diameter on the shaft 45. When this adjustment is made, theshaft 4| is positioned in the arcuate slot 42 to accommodate the largersize gear. Reciprocation of the beater is controlled by reason of theeccentrically mounted wrist pins on the rotary disks and their rotationabout the fixed axis of the cooperating disk members which carry thebearing race tracks. Therefore, all of the weft threads are beat up thesame distance to maintain uniform spacing of the weft threads as abovenoted.

From the foregoing it is obvious that I have provided a loom which iscapable of high speed and accurate operation for economically producinga high quality fabric of uniform weave, the latter being effected bymaintaining constant tension on the warp threads and by elfecting anexact degree of spacing imparted to each weft thread incidental tocontrolled movement of the beater.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

i. In a loom, a beater, means oscillatably supporting the beater,control means for the beater including a rotary member, inner and outerannular race tracks, means for rigidly supporting the race tracks on theloom, inner and outer sets of rollers on the rotary member engageablewith the respective race tracks, and eccentric means connecting therotary member with the beater.

2. In a loom, a beater, means oscillatably supporting the beater,control means for the beater including a rotary member, inner and outerannular race tracks, means for .rigidly supporting the race tracks onthe loom, inner and outer sets of rollers on the rotary memberengageable with the respective tracks, a cross head guide,interconnected cross heads on the guide, a Wrist pin on the rotarymember, a pitman connecting one of the cross heads with the wrist pin,and a link connecting the other cross head with the beater.

3. In a loom, a beater, means oscillatably supporting the beater,control means on the beater including a rotary member, a supportingmember having inner and outer annular race tracks, inner and outer setsof rollers having adjustable support on the rotary member and engageablewith the respective race tracks, and eccentric means connecting therotary member with the beater.

4. In a loom, a beater, means oscillatably sup porting the beater,control means for the beater including a pair of rotary members, innerand outer annular race tracks associated with the respective rotarymembers, means for rigidly supporting the race tracks on the loom, innerand outer sets of rollers on the rotary members engageable with therespective tracks, means interconnecting the rotary members, andeccentric means connecting the rotary members with the beater.

5. In a loom, a beater, means oscillatably supporting the beater,control means for the beater including a pair of rotary members, innerand outer annular race tracks associated with the respective rotarymembers, means for rigidly supporting the race tracks on the loom, innerand outer sets of rollers on the rotary members engageable with therespective tracks, cross head guides, interconnected cross heads on theguides, crank means on the rotary members, pitmans connecting one of thecross heads of each guide 'With the crank means, and links connectingthe other cross heads of each guide with the beater.

6. In a loom, a beater, means oscillatably supporting the beater,control means for the beater including a rotary member and a stationarymember, inner and outer annular race tracks on one of said members,inner and outer sets of rollers on the other member engageable with therespective race tracks, and eccentric means connecting the rotary memberwith the beater.

'7. In a loom, a beater, means oscillatably supporting the beater,control means for the beater including rotary and stationary members,inner and outer annular race tracks on one of said members, inner andouter sets of rollers on the other member engageable with the respectivetracks, a cross head guide, interconnected cross heads on the guide, awrist pin on the rotary member, a pitman connecting one of the crossheads with the wrist pin, and a link connecting the other cross headwith the beater.

ATWOOD V. PULLINS.

